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Gum disease

Gum disease is an infection of the tissues and bones that surround and support the teeth. It is also called periodontal disease.

The two stages of gum disease are called gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is mild gum disease that affects only the gums, the tissue that surrounds the teeth. Periodontitis is gum disease that gets worse and spreads below the gums to damage the tissues and bone that support the teeth.

Early-stage gum disease (gingivitis ) causes:

• Red, swollen, tender gums.
• Gums that bleed easily when brushed or flossed. Healthy gums do not bleed with regular brushing and flossing.

Because gingivitis usually isn't painful, you may not notice the symptoms and may not get the treatment you need. If you don't get treated, the disease will progress.

Advanced gum disease (periodontitis ) causes:

• Gums that pull away or recede from the teeth.
• Persistent bad breath.
• Pus coming from the gums.
• A change in how your teeth fit together when you bite, or a change in the fit of partial dentures.
• Loose teeth.

If you use tobacco, you have a higher risk of gum disease. Your gums may actually bleed less, even though they are unhealthy, and you may not realize it's a problem until its too late. If you use tobacco, you will need to see your dentist more often.

Gum Disease Treatment

Early of gum disease is very important. The goals of treatment are to prevent gum disease from permanently damaging tissues, control infection, and prevent tooth loss. For treatment to be effective, you will need to:

• Keep your teeth clean by brushing two times a day and flossing one time a day.
• See your dentist regularly for checkups and cleanings.
• Avoid all tobacco use. Tobacco decreases your ability to fight infection, interferes with healing, and makes you more likely to have serious gum disease that results in tooth loss.

Your dentist will want to see you for regular checkups and cleanings. Professional cleaning can remove plaque and tartar that brushing and flossing missed. After you have had gum disease, you may need to see your dentist every 3 or 4 months for follow-up.

Your dentist may prescribe antibiotics to help fight the infection. They can be applied directly on the gums, swallowed as pills or capsules, or swished around in your teeth as mouthwash. Your dentist may also recommend an antibacterial toothpaste that reduces plaque and gingivitis when used regularly.